The Subprime Solution, How Today's Global Financial Crisis Happened, and What to Do about It终结次贷危机 ——今天全球财经危机怎样发生的以及我们怎样解决它 下载 网盘 kindle mobi 115盘 pdf pdb rtf

The subprime mortgage crisis has already wreaked havoc on the lives of millions of people and now it threatens to derail the U.S. economy and economies around the world. In this trenchant book, best-selling economist Robert Shiller reveals the origins of this crisis and puts forward bold measures to solve it. He calls for an aggressive response--a restructuring of the institutional foundations of the financial system that will not only allow people once again to buy and sell homes with confidence, but will create the conditions for greater prosperity in America and throughout the deeply interconnected world economy. Shiller blames the subprime crisis on the irrational exuberance that drove the economy's two most recent bubbles--in stocks in the 1990s and in housing between 2000 and 2007. He shows how these bubbles led to the dangerous overextension of credit now resulting in foreclosures, bankruptcies, and write-offs, as well as a global credit crunch. To restore confidence in the markets, Shiller argues, bailouts are needed in the short run. But he insists that these bailouts must be targeted at low-income victims of subprime deals. In the longer term, the subprime solution will require leaders to revamp the financial framework by deploying an ambitious package of initiatives to inhibit the formation of bubbles and limit risks, including better financial information; simplified legal contracts and regulations; expanded markets for managing risks; home equity insurance policies; income-linked home loans; and new measures to protect consumers against hidden inflationary effects. This powerful book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how we got into the subprime mess--and how we can get out.

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction 1

2 Housing in History

3 Bubble Trouble

4 The Real Estate Myth

5 A Bailout by Any Other Name

6 The Promise of Financial Democracy

7 Epilogue

Index

Robert J. Shiller is the Stanley B. Resor Professor of Economics at Yale University. He is the recipient of the 2000 Commonfund Prize, awarded for Best Contribution to Endowment Management Research, for Irrational Exuberance. He is also the author of Market Volatility and Macro Markets, which won the 1996 Paul A. Samuelson Award.

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在最近房地产市场投机繁荣的过程中，那些对市场持非常乐观看法的人很受追捧。在我和卡尔·凯斯于2005年共同进行的一项调查中，我们发现当市场进入繁荣期时，旧金山地区的购房者中对接下来10年间价格增长期望值的中间值是每年9%，价格增长期望值的平均值是每年14%。大约有1/3的受访者反馈的是相当高的期望值——有部分人的期望值甚至超过每年50%。他们的这种期望到底是建立在什么基础之上的呢？我们认为是由于他们看到了市场上价格的急剧上涨，还听到了别人渲染的类似价格大涨的故事。从这里，我们看到了一种转述性的传染，或者说看到了一种期望形成的方式。

投机价格上涨促使经济充满乐观的气氛，因此推动更多的消费，带来更快的经济增长速度，于是又产生了更多的乐观气氛，价格又被进一步推高。对于绝大多数普通人来说，没能够看清楚催生出巨大投机泡沫的经济繁荣的本质是完全可以原谅的，从本质上来看，这种繁荣的原因在于泡沫本身，而不是经济基本面。

理性泡沫理论的基本观点是，人们可能已经通过观察其他人的行为解读了其他人拥有的信息。他们不能对其他人拥有的信息直接做出反应，因为他们无法看透其他人的思想。但他们可以将自己的决策建立在其他人行动的基础上（比如当他们推高投机价格的时候），而且他们这样的解读是完全理性的，因为在这种情况下反映的是关于经济基本面的有效信息。

可调利率住房抵押贷款非常普遍，因为那些深受泡沫思维影响的人以及期望尽可能深入地介入房地产投资领域的人，都非常急切地需要得到这种贷款，而应付利息可能马上就会增加的这点小问题根本无法影响他们的热情。他们期盼的是快速增长的住房价格可以让他们获得更高的补偿，而且他们相信，越来越高的住房价格将让他们有可能以较低的利息融到资金。次级抵押贷款借款人希望得到可调利率住房抵押贷款有以下两个原因，一是他们在这方面的历练还欠相当的火候，二是被无论如何也要在住房市场上获得住房这种单纯的想法吸引。

自从1980年《存款机构放松管制和货币控制法案》有效地终止了美国的高利贷管制法规后，住房抵押贷款发起人有可能通过设定一个足够高的利率冲抵合理范围内的拖欠，进而通过次级抵押贷款获取盈利，因此这个领域现在急需扩大法规监管的覆盖范围，但是一直到现在也没有见到重新修订的法规。而在20世纪90年代到21世纪初期的这个时间段内，一个非银行按揭发起人的“影子银行体系”已经建立起来，并且发展得很快，但直到现在，也没有人为它制定类似银行监管法规那样的规章制度。

我考虑了6种主要的改进信息基础设施的方式：推广全面的金融咨询体系，建立消费者导向的政府金融监管体系，采用那些默认的对所有人都有效的惯例及标准，改进有关金融证券的信息披露手段，建立全国范围内经过精心设计的关于个人经济状况的大型数据库，建立一套新的经济度量单位体系。

书籍介绍

The subprime mortgage crisis has already wreaked havoc on the lives of millions of people and now it threatens to derail the U.S. economy and economies around the world. In this trenchant book, best-selling economist Robert Shiller reveals the origins of this crisis and puts forward bold measures to solve it. He calls for an aggressive response - a restructuring of the institutional foundations of the financial system that will not only allow people once again to buy and sell homes with confidence, but will create the conditions for greater prosperity in America and throughout the deeply interconnected world economy.Shiller blames the subprime crisis on the irrational exuberance that drove the economy's two most recent bubbles - in stocks in the 1990s and in housing between 2000 and 2007. He shows how these bubbles led to the dangerous overextension of credit now resulting in foreclosures, bankruptcies, and write-offs, as well as a global credit crunch. To restore confidence in the markets, Shiller argues, bailouts are needed in the short run. But he insists that these bailouts must be targeted at low-income victims of subprime deals. In the longer term, the subprime solution will require leaders to revamp the financial framework by deploying an ambitious package of initiatives to inhibit the formation of bubbles and limit risks, including better financial information; simplified legal contracts and regulations; expanded markets for managing risks; home equity insurance policies; income-linked home loans; and new measures to protect consumers against hidden inflationary effects.This powerful book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how we got into the subprime mess - and how we can get out.