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《UNIX系统编程：通信、并发与线程（英文版）》是一本基于最新UNIX 标准的完备的参考书，对UNIX 编程的要点进行了清晰易懂的介绍，从一些用于说明如何使用系统调用的短小代码段开始，逐渐过渡到能帮助读者扩展自己技能水平的实际项目中。《UNIX系统编程：通信、并发与线程（英文版）》中对通信、并发和线程问题进行了深入探讨，对复杂的概念，例如信号和并发，进行了全面且清晰的解释。《UNIX系统编程：通信、并发与线程（英文版）》还覆盖了与文件、信号、信号量、POSIX 线程和客户机—服务器通信相关的内容。《UNIX系统编程：通信、并发与线程（英文版）》不仅提供了大量实例和练习，还专门设计了有针对性的项目并给出了参考答案。

I Fundamentals 1

1 Technology’s Impact on Programs 3

1.1 TerminologyofChange 4

1.2 Time andSpeed 5

1.3 Multiprogramming and Time Sharing 7

1.4 Concurrency at the Applications Level 9

1.5 Security and Fault Tolerance 13

1.6 Buffer Overflows for Breaking and Entering 14

1.7 UNIXStandards 18

1.8 AdditionalReading 20

2 Programs, Processes and Threads 21

2.1 How a Program Becomes a Process 22

2.2 Threads andThreadofExecution 23

2.3 Layout of a Program Image 24

2.4 LibraryFunctionCalls 26

2.5 Function Return Values and Errors 29

2.6 ArgumentArrays 31

2.7 Thread-SafeFunctions 38

2.8 UseofStaticVariables 40

2.9 StructureofStaticObjects 42

2.10 Process Environment 48

2.11 Process Termination 51

2.12 Exercise: An env Utility 54

2.13 Exercise: Message Logging 55

2.14 AdditionalReading 56

3 Processes in UNIX 59

3.1 Process Identification 60

3.2 ProcessState 61

3.3 UNIX Process Creation and fork 64

3.4 The wait Function 71

3.5 The exec Function 78

3.6 Background Processes and Daemons 84

3.7 Critical Sections 86

3.8 Exercise: Process Chains 87

3.9 Exercise: Process Fans 88

3.10 AdditionalReading 89

4 UNIX I/O 91

4.1 DeviceTerminology 92

4.2 Reading and Writing 92

4.3 OpeningandClosingFiles 102

4.4 The select Function 107

4.5 The pollFunction 116

4.6 File Representation 119

4.7 Filters and Redirection 128

4.8 FileControl 132

4.9 Exercise: Atomic Logging 135

4.10 Exercise: A cat Utility 141

4.11 AdditionalReading 143

5 Files and Directories 145

5.1 UNIXFileSystemNavigation 146

5.2 Directory Access 152

5.3 UNIX File System Implementation 158

5.4 Hard Links and Symbolic Links 162

5.5 Exercise: The which Command 173

5.6 Exercise: Biffing 174

5.7 Exercise: News biff 177

5.8 Exercise: Traversing Directories 179

5.9 AdditionalReading 181

6 UNIX Special Files 183

6.1 Pipes 184

6.2 Pipelines 188

6.3 FIFOs 192

6.4 Pipes and the Client-Server Model 196

6.5 TerminalControl 203

6.6 AudioDevice 214

6.7 Exercise:Audio 219

6.8 Exercise: Barriers 221

6.9 Exercise: The stty Command 223

6.10 Exercise: Client-Server Revisited 223

6.11 AdditionalReading 223

7 Project: The Token Ring 225

7.1 RingTopology 226

7.2 RingFormation 227

7.3 RingExploration 234

7.4 SimpleCommunication 236

7.5 MutualExclusionwithTokens 237

7.6 MutualExclusionbyVoting 238

7.7 Leader Election on an Anonymous Ring 239

7.8 TokenRingforCommunication 241

7.9 Pipelined Preprocessor 243

7.10 Parallel Ring Algorithms 246

7.11 FlexibleRing 250

7.12 AdditionalReading 251

II Asynchronous Events 253

8 Signals 255

8.1 BasicSignalConcepts 256

8.2 GeneratingSignals 256

8.3 Manipulating Signal Masks and Signal Sets 261

8.4 Catching and Ignoring Signals—sigaction 267

8.5 Waiting for Signals—pause, sigsuspend and sigwait 273

8.6 Handling Signals: Errors and Async-signal Safety 283

8.7 Program Control with siglongjmp and sigsetjmp 286

8.8 Programming with Asynchronous I/O 288

8.9 Exercise:DumpingStatistics 299

8.10 Exercise: Spooling a Slow Device 299

8.11 AdditionalReading 300

9 Times and Timers 301

9.1 POSIXTimes 302

9.2 SleepFunctions 314

9.3 POSIX:XSI IntervalTimers 315

9.4 Realtime Signals 320

9.5 POSIX:TMRIntervalTimers 324

9.6 Timer Drift, Overruns and Absolute Time 329

9.7 AdditionalReading 339

10 Project: Virtual Timers 341

10.1 ProjectOverview 342

10.2 SimpleTimers 344

10.3 Setting One of Five Single Timers 347

10.4 Using Multiple Timers 357

10.5 A Robust Implementation of Multiple Timers 363

10.6 POSIX:TMRTimer Implementation 367

10.7 mycron, a Small Cron Facility 367

10.8 AdditionalReading 368

11 Project: Cracking Shells 369

11.1 BuildingaSimpleShell 370

11.2 Redirection 374

11.3 Pipelines 376

11.4 Signal Handling in the Foreground 380

11.5 Process Groups, Sessions and Controlling Terminals 386

11.6 Background Processes in ush 391

11.7 JobControl 398

11.8 Job Control for ush 402

11.9 AdditionalReading 405

III Concurrency 407

12 POSIX Threads 409

12.1 A Motivating Problem: Monitoring File Descriptors 410

12.2 Use of Threads to Monitor Multiple File Descriptors 411

12.3 ThreadManagement 415

12.4 ThreadSafety 431

12.5 User Threads versus Kernel Threads 433

12.6 Thread Attributes 436

12.7 Exercise: ParallelFileCopy 443

12.8 AdditionalReading 444

13 Thread Synchronization 447

13.1 POSIX Synchronization Functions 448

13.2 MutexLocks 448

13.3 At-Most-Once and At-Least-Once-Execution 461

13.4 Condition Variables 465

13.5 Signal Handling and Threads 473

13.6 Readers and Writers 478

13.7 A strerror_r Implementation 483

13.8 Deadlocks and Other Pesky Problems 483

13.9 Exercise: Multiple Barriers 485

13.10 AdditionalReading 486

14 Critical Sections and Semaphores 487

14.1 Dealing with Critical Sections 488

14.2 Semaphores 491

14.3 POSIX:SEM Unnamed Semaphores 494

14.4 POSIX:SEM Semaphore Operations 496

14.5 POSIX:SEM Named Semaphores 502

14.6 Exercise: LicenseManager 507

14.7 AdditionalReading 509

15 POSIX IPC 511

15.1 POSIX:XSI Interprocess Communication 512

15.2 POSIX:XSI Semaphore Sets 514

15.3 POSIX:XSISharedMemory 525

15.4 POSIX:XSI Message Queues 535

15.5 Exercise: POSIX Unnamed Semaphores 542

15.6 Exercise: POSIX Named Semaphores 543

15.7 Exercise: Implementing Pipes with Shared Memory 544

15.8 Exercise: Implementing Pipes with Message Queues 547

15.9 AdditionalReading 548

16 Project: Producer Consumer Synchronization 549

16.1 The Producer-Consumer Problem 550

16.2 Bounded Buffer Protected by Mutex Locks 551

16.3 Buffer Implementation with Semaphores 555

16.4 Introduction to a Simple Producer-Consumer Problem 560

16.5 Bounded Buffer Implementation Using Condition Variables 564

16.6 Buffers with Done Conditions 565

16.7 ParallelFileCopy 573

16.8 ThreadedPrintServer 575

16.9 AdditionalReading 580

17 Project: The Not Too Parallel Virtual Machine 581

17.1 PVM History, Terminology, and Architecture 582

17.2 The Not Too Parallel Virtual Machine 584

17.3 NTPVMProjectOverview 585

17.4 I/OandTestingofDispatcher 591

17.5 Single Task with No Input 600

17.6 SequentialTasks 601

17.7 ConcurrentTasks 604

17.8 Packet Communication, Broadcast and Barriers 605

17.9 TerminationandSignals 605

17.10 Ordered Message Delivery 606

17.11 AdditionalReading 606

IV Communication 607

18 Connection-Oriented Communication 609

18.1 TheClient-ServerModel 610

18.2 CommunicationChannels 610

18.3 Connection-Oriented Server Strategies 614

18.4 Universal Internet Communication Interface (UICI) 618

18.5 UICI Implementations of Different Server Strategies 621

18.6 UICIClients 624

18.7 Socket ImplementationofUICI 629

18.8 Host Names and IP Addresses 641

18.9 Thread-SafeUICI 649

18.10 Exercise: PingServer 652

18.11 Exercise: Transmission of Audio 653

18.12 AdditionalReading 655

19 Project: WWWRedirection 657

19.1 TheWorldWideWeb 658

19.2 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) 658

19.3 HTTPPrimer 660

19.4 WebCommunicationPatterns 665

19.5 Pass-through Monitoring of Single Connections 672

19.6 Tunnel Server Implementation 674

19.7 ServerDriver forTesting 675

19.8 HTTPHeaderParsing 676

19.9 SimpleProxyServer 679

19.10 ProxyMonitor 680

19.11 ProxyCache 683

19.12 Gateways asPortals 684

19.13 GatewayforLoadBalancing 685

19.14 Postmortem 686

19.15 AdditionalReading 690

20 Connectionless Communication and Multicast 691

20.1 Introduction to Connectionless Communication 692

20.2 Simplified Interface for Connectionless Communication 693

20.3 Simple-RequestProtocols 697

20.4 Request-ReplyProtocols 702

20.5 Request-Reply with Timeouts and Retries 708

20.6 Request-Reply-Acknowledge Protocols 714

20.7 ImplementationofUICIUDP 715

20.8 ComparisonofUDPandTCP 724

20.9 Multicast 725

20.10 Exercise:UDPPortServer 729

20.11 Exercise: StatelessFileServer 730

20.12 AdditionalReading 732

21 Project: Internet Radio 733

21.1 ProjectOverview 734

21.2 AudioDeviceSimulation 735

21.3 UDP Implementation with One Program and One Receiver 735

21.4 UDP Implementation with Multiple Programs and Receivers 746

21.5 UDP Implementation of Radio Broadcasts 747

21.6 Multicast Implementation of Radio Broadcasts 750

21.7 TCPImplementationDifferences 750

21.8 Receiving Streaming Audio Through a Browser 755

21.9 AdditionalReading 759

22 Project: Server Performance 761

22.1 ServerPerformanceCosts 762

22.2 ServerArchitectures 762

22.3 ProjectOverview 767

22.4 Single-ClientDriver 767

22.5 Multiple-Client Driver 771

22.6 Thread-per-request and Process-per-request Implementations 774

22.7 Thread-worker-pool Strategy 774

22.8 Thread-worker Pool with Bounded Buffer 775

22.9 Process-worker Pool 775

22.10 InfluenceofDiskI/O 776

22.11 PerformanceStudies 780

22.12 Report Writing 790

22.13 AdditionalReading 792

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《UNIX系统编程：通信、并发与线程（英文版）》是一本基于最新UNIX 标准的完备的参考书，对UNIX 编程的要点进行了清晰易懂的介绍，从一些用于说明如何使用系统调用的短小代码段开始，逐渐过渡到能帮助读者扩展自己技能水平的实际项目中。《UNIX系统编程：通信、并发与线程（英文版）》中对通信、并发和线程问题进行了深入探讨，对复杂的概念，例如信号和并发，进行了全面且清晰的解释。《UNIX系统编程：通信、并发与线程（英文版）》还覆盖了与文件、信号、信号量、POSIX 线程和客户机—服务器通信相关的内容。《UNIX系统编程：通信、并发与线程（英文版）》不仅提供了大量实例和练习，还专门设计了有针对性的项目并给出了参考答案。