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When I first decided to write a book on string theory, more than ten years ago, my memories of my student years were much more vivid than they are today. Still, I remember that one of the greatest pleasures was finding a text that made a difficult subject accessible, and I hoped to provide the same for string theory.

Thus, my first purpose was to give a coherent introduction to string theory, based on the Polyakov path integral and conformal field theory. No previous knowledge of string theory is assumed. I do assume that the reader is familiar with the central ideas of general relativity, such as metrics and curvature, and with the ideas of quantum field theory through non- Abelian gauge symmetry. Originally a full course of quantum field theory was assumed as a prerequisite, but it became clear that many students were eager to learn string theory as soon as possible, and that others had taken courses on quantum field theory that did not emphasize the tools needed for string theory. I have therefore tried to give a self-contained introduction to those tools.

A second purpose was to show how some of the simplest four- dimensional string theories connect with previous ideas for unifying the Standard Model, and to collect general results on the physics of four- dimensional string theories as derived from world-sheet and spacetime symmetries. New developments have led to a third goal, which is to intro- duce the recent discoveries concerning string duality, M-theory, D-branes, and black hole entropy.

Foreword

Preface

Notation

10 Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ superstrings

　10.1 The superconformal algebra

　10.2 Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz sectors

　10.3 Vertex operators and bosonization

　10.4 The superconformal ghosts

　10.5 Physical states

　10.6 Superstring theories in ten dimensions

　10.7 Modular invariance

　10.8 Divergences of type I theory

　Exercises

11 The heterotic string

　11.1 World-sheet supersymmetries

　11.2 The SO(32) and E8 x E8 heterotic strings

　11.3 Other ten-dimensional heterotic strings

　11.4 A little Lie algebra

　11.5 Current algebras

　11.6 The bosonic construction and toroidal compactification

　Exercises

12 Superstring interactions

12.1 Low energy supergravity

12.2 Anomalies

12.3 Superspace and superfields

12.4 Tree-level amplitudes

12.5 General amplitudes

12.6 One-lop amplitudes

　Exercises

13 D-branes

13.1 T-duality of type ⅡStrings

13.2 T-duality of gype Ⅰstrings

13.3 The D-brane charge and action

13.4 D-brane interactions: Statics

13.5 D-brane interactions: dynamics

13.6 D-brane interactions: bound states

Exercises

14 Strings at strong coupling

15 Advanced CFT

16 Orbifolds

17 Calabi-Yau compactification

18 Physics in four dimensions

19 Advanced topics

Appendix B: Spinors and SUSY in various dimensions

References

Glossary

Index

Joseph Polchinski received his Ph.D.from the University of California at Berkeley in 1980. After postdoctoral fellowships at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Harvard, he Joined the faculty at the University of Texas at Austin in 1984, moving to

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