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John D. Rockefeller, Sr.--history's first billionaire and the patriarch of America's most famous dynasty--is an icon whose true nature has eluded three generations of historians. Now Ron Chernow, the National Book Award-winning biographer of the Morgan and Warburg banking families, gives us a history of the mogul "etched with uncommon objectivity and literary grace . . . as detailed, balanced, and psychologically insightful a portrait of the tycoon as we may ever have" (Kirkus Reviews). Titan is the first full-length biography based on unrestricted access to Rockefeller's exceptionally rich trove of papers. A landmark publication full of startling revelations, the book will indelibly alter our image of this most enigmatic capitalist.

Born the son of a flamboyant, bigamous snake-oil salesman and a pious, straitlaced mother, Rockefeller rose from rustic origins to become the world's richest man by creating America's most powerful and feared monopoly, Standard Oil. Branded "the Octopus" by legions of muckrakers, the trust refined and marketed nearly 90 percent of the oil produced in America.

Rockefeller was likely the most controversial businessman in our nation's history. Critics charged that his empire was built on unscrupulous tactics: grand-scale collusion with the railroads, predatory pricing, industrial espionage, and wholesale bribery of political officials. The titan spent more than thirty years dodging investigations until Teddy Roosevelt and his trustbusters embarked on a marathon crusade to bring Standard Oil to bay.

While providing abundant new evidence of Rockefeller's misdeeds, Chernow discards the stereotype of the cold-blooded monster to sketch an unforgettably human portrait of a quirky, eccentric original. A devout Baptist and temperance advocate, Rockefeller gave money more generously--his chosen philanthropies included the Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Chicago, and what is today Rockefeller University--than anyone before him. Titan presents a finely nuanced portrait of a fascinating, complex man, synthesizing his public and private lives and disclosing numerous family scandals, tragedies, and misfortunes that have never before come to light.

John D. Rockefeller's story captures a pivotal moment in American history, documenting the dramatic post-Civil War shift from small business to the rise of giant corporations that irrevocably transformed the nation. With cameos by Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Jay Gould, William Vanderbilt, Ida Tarbell, Andrew Carnegie, Carl Jung, J. Pierpont Morgan, William James, Henry Clay Frick, Mark Twain, and Will Rogers, Titan turns Rockefeller's life into a vivid tapestry of American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is Ron Chernow's signal triumph that he narrates this monumental saga with all the sweep, drama, and insight that this giant subject deserves.

From the Hardcover edition.

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Ron Chernow's first book, The House of Morgan, won the National Book Award and the Ambassador Award for the year's best study of American culture. His second book, The Warburgs, won the Eccles Prize as the Best Business Book of 1993 and was also selected by the American Library Association as one of that year's best nonfiction books. In reviewing his recent collection of essays, The Death of the Banker, The New York Times called the author "as elegant an architect of monumental histories as we've seen in decades and chose the paperback original as one of the year's Notable Books.

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洛克菲勒超乎寻常的沉着冷静给每个接触过他的人都留下了深刻的印象。洛克菲勒尽管把自己的意志力磨炼成了达到其目的的有效手段，仍然不失是个性情温和的人。正如他自己所说：“不管你现在说出或做了什么让人无法容忍的事情，也休想看出我有丝毫的冲动。”他总是以自己的脉搏低于常人为荣——每分钟只有52次。许多雇员都说洛克菲勒从来没有发过脾气、提高过嗓门、说过污言秽语或是有过什么不文雅的举止。他不同于那些典型的盛气凌人的商界大亨，员工们对他的评价普遍很高，觉得他做事公平，待人宽宏大度，没有大老板的架子。

马克斯•韦伯写道，在这一阶段，五花八门的莽撞人和打头阵的投机者都让位于“那些在艰苦的生活学校里成长起来的人，他们既谨慎又大胆，但最重要的是他们稳重可靠、精明强干，完全献身于事业，并且恪守中产阶级的观念和原则。”

这一时期洛克菲勒在照片中表现出两种截然不同的神情。他严肃时表情冷峻，面无笑容，眼神十分威严，不见丝毫的柔和和换了。然而，他再福里斯特山私宅中拍摄的消闲照片里，却服饰整洁、潇洒自如，对于这样一位手握重权的人而言，此时流露出来的孩子气不由得令人感到惊异。他刮掉了络腮胡子，但仍然留着红色的唇髭和一头浅棕色的头发。当时的富豪大贾们哥哥脑满肠肥并以此为荣，洛克菲勒却瘦得像条猎狗；当时爱炫耀自己的财主们哥哥把戴大礼帽、挂表链奉为时尚，洛克菲勒平时的服饰却和常人。尽管家里人经常提醒他去买身新衣服，因为他身上的那套已经磨得发亮了。

1895年10月，盖茨去了芝加哥大学，怀里揣着洛克菲勒的一封信，心中答应再捐给这所大学300万——这可能是一次性个人教育捐赠的最高金额了，它相当于今天的5000万元左右。此后不久，哈珀和学校的干事托马斯 · W · 古德斯皮德观看了芝加哥大学和威斯康星大学之间举行的一场橄榄球赛。比赛进行到上半场时，他俩向教练阿莫斯· 阿朗索· 斯塔格——此人在美国一所大学里建起了第一个体育系——谈起了这笔捐款。上半场芝加哥大学以10比12落后，斯塔格建议把这件事告诉队员们，“因为我觉得这会起到强大的精神作用。”球队队长在更衣室里听哈珀说了这笔捐款之后，大声吼道：“300万元！”说完又在一个队员背上快活地拍了一巴掌。“那就瞧我们是怎么打橄榄球的吧，”就这样，这支重新振作起精神的球队重回赛场，以22比12大胜威斯康星大学。赛后，学生们在校园里点起巨大的篝火欢庆胜利，唱起赞美洛克菲勒的歌，其中有一首开头这样唱道：“上帝派来一个人，他的名字叫约翰。”

1891年期间，洛克菲勒听从医生的建议，向公司告假去福里斯特山住了8个月，这地方是他一家疗养的最佳场所。他的私人秘书乔治·罗杰斯接到严厉的指示，除了紧急事务之外，一概不许打扰他。他在21年里第一次从脑子里彻底把标准石油公司的事务抛在了一旁。为了恢复健康，他同农夫们一起在田地里劳动，骑自行车，吃清淡的饭食，他开玩笑说，自己正在成为一个“了不起的音乐会歌手”。这些传统疗法效果奇佳，1891年6月他写信给阿奇博尔德说：“我非常高兴地告诉您，我的身体正在稳步好转。我简直难以向您描述世界在我眼中发生了多大的变化。昨天是我3个月以来过的最好的一天。”到夏季即将结束时，他的体重增加了15磅，脸上有了红润，而且恢复了比较正常的生活规律。

标准石油公司教给了美国公众一个至关重要而又自相矛盾的教训：自由市场如果自行其是，其结果可能是可怕的不自由。竞争性资本主义不会再自然状态下存在，它必须有法律加以规定和限制。不受束缚的市场往往会造成垄断，至少会造成不健康的集中，因此政府有时需要进行干预以确保竞争的优越性得以充分发挥。这一点在工业发展的最初阶段尤为重要。现在这一观念已经深深植根于法律之中，令我们几乎意识不到它的存在，取而代之的是不那么重要的关于实施反托拉斯法规的确切性质和具体范围的辩论。

书籍介绍

John D. Rockefeller, Sr.--history's first billionaire and the patriarch of America's most famous dynasty--is an icon whose true nature has eluded three generations of historians. Now Ron Chernow, the National Book Award-winning biographer of the Morgan and Warburg banking families, gives us a history of the mogul "etched with uncommon objectivity and literary grace . . . as detailed, balanced, and psychologically insightful a portrait of the tycoon as we may ever have" (Kirkus Reviews). Titan is the first full-length biography based on unrestricted access to Rockefeller's exceptionally rich trove of papers. A landmark publication full of startling revelations, the book will indelibly alter our image of this most enigmatic capitalist.

Born the son of a flamboyant, bigamous snake-oil salesman and a pious, straitlaced mother, Rockefeller rose from rustic origins to become the world's richest man by creating America's most powerful and feared monopoly, Standard Oil. Branded "the Octopus" by legions of muckrakers, the trust refined and marketed nearly 90 percent of the oil produced in America.

Rockefeller was likely the most controversial businessman in our nation's history. Critics charged that his empire was built on unscrupulous tactics: grand-scale collusion with the railroads, predatory pricing, industrial espionage, and wholesale bribery of political officials. The titan spent more than thirty years dodging investigations until Teddy Roosevelt and his trustbusters embarked on a marathon crusade to bring Standard Oil to bay.

While providing abundant new evidence of Rockefeller's misdeeds, Chernow discards the stereotype of the cold-blooded monster to sketch an unforgettably human portrait of a quirky, eccentric original. A devout Baptist and temperance advocate, Rockefeller gave money more generously--his chosen philanthropies included the Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Chicago, and what is today Rockefeller University--than anyone before him. Titan presents a finely nuanced portrait of a fascinating, complex man, synthesizing his public and private lives and disclosing numerous family scandals, tragedies, and misfortunes that have never before come to light.

John D. Rockefeller's story captures a pivotal moment in American history, documenting the dramatic post-Civil War shift from small business to the rise of giant corporations that irrevocably transformed the nation. With cameos by Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Jay Gould, William Vanderbilt, Ida Tarbell, Andrew Carnegie, Carl Jung, J. Pierpont Morgan, William James, Henry Clay Frick, Mark Twain, and Will Rogers, Titan turns Rockefeller's life into a vivid tapestry of American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is Ron Chernow's signal triumph that he narrates this monumental saga with all the sweep, drama, and insight that this giant subject deserves.

From the Hardcover edition.